Sunday, March 08, 2009

Is the name "Sea Star" more accurate than "Starfish"?

It has become common in recent popularizations to suggest that echinoderms of the family Asteroidea should be given the common name "sea star" rather than the traditional "starfish". The complaint is understandable -- starfish aren't fish. In fact, humans are more closely related to fish, as they both are vertebrates while starfish are not. But is "sea star" actually a better supported name? A taxonomic analysis suggests not.

Let's consider stars, the sea, fish, and starfish.  How can we compare such diverse entities? Obviously not by molecular means. But we can return to the traditional means of cladistic characters. In this analysis I used:  1) Living 2) Primarily water 3) Non-trivial concentration of dissolved NaCl, and 4) presence of backbone.

These characters can be encoded in a PHYLIP matrix in the following manner.
    4    4
Star 0000
Fish 1111
Sea 0110
Starfish 1110
By standard parsimony this yields the following midpoint-rooted tree






So, while "starfish" is inaccurate, "sea star" is even worse!